Package org.apache.spark.ml.evaluation

Class CosineSilhouette

Object
org.apache.spark.ml.evaluation.CosineSilhouette
public class CosineSilhouette extends Object
The algorithm which is implemented in this object, instead, is an efficient and parallel implementation of the Silhouette using the cosine distance measure. The cosine distance measure is defined as 1 - s where s is the cosine similarity between two points.

The total distance of the point X to the points $C_{i}$ belonging to the cluster $\Gamma$ is:

$$ \sum\limits_{i=1}^N d(X, C_{i} ) = \sum\limits_{i=1}^N \Big( 1 - \frac{\sum\limits_{j=1}^D x_{j}c_{ij} }{ \|X\|\|C_{i}\|} \Big) = \sum\limits_{i=1}^N 1 - \sum\limits_{i=1}^N \sum\limits_{j=1}^D \frac{x_{j}}{\|X\|} \frac{c_{ij}}{\|C_{i}\|} = N - \sum\limits_{j=1}^D \frac{x_{j}}{\|X\|} \Big( \sum\limits_{i=1}^N \frac{c_{ij}}{\|C_{i}\|} \Big) $$

where $x_{j}$ is the j-th dimension of the point X and $c_{ij}$ is the j-th dimension of the i-th point in cluster $\Gamma$.

Then, we can define the vector:

$$ \xi_{X} : \xi_{X i} = \frac{x_{i}}{\|X\|}, i = 1, ..., D $$

which can be precomputed for each point and the vector

$$ \Omega_{\Gamma} : \Omega_{\Gamma i} = \sum\limits_{j=1}^N \xi_{C_{j}i}, i = 1, ..., D $$

which can be precomputed too for each cluster $\Gamma$ by its points $C_{i}$.

With these definitions, the numerator becomes:

$$ N - \sum\limits_{j=1}^D \xi_{X j} \Omega_{\Gamma j} $$

Thus the average distance of a point X to the points of the cluster $\Gamma$ is:

$$ 1 - \frac{\sum\limits_{j=1}^D \xi_{X j} \Omega_{\Gamma j}}{N} $$

In the implementation, the precomputed values for the clusters are distributed among the worker nodes via broadcasted variables, because we can assume that the clusters are limited in number.

The main strengths of this algorithm are the low computational complexity and the intrinsic parallelism. The precomputed information for each point and for each cluster can be computed with a computational complexity which is O(N/W), where N is the number of points in the dataset and W is the number of worker nodes. After that, every point can be analyzed independently from the others.

For every point we need to compute the average distance to all the clusters. Since the formula above requires O(D) operations, this phase has a computational complexity which is O(C*D*N/W) where C is the number of clusters (which we assume quite low), D is the number of dimensions, N is the number of points in the dataset and W is the number of worker nodes.

  • Constructor Details

    • CosineSilhouette

      public CosineSilhouette()

  • Method Details

    • computeClusterStats

      public static scala.collection.immutable.Map<Object,scala.Tuple2<Vector,Object>> computeClusterStats(Dataset<Row> df, String featuresCol, String predictionCol, String weightCol)
      The method takes the input dataset and computes the aggregated values about a cluster which are needed by the algorithm.

      Parameters:
      df - The DataFrame which contains the input data
      featuresCol - The name of the column which contains the feature vector of the point.
      predictionCol - The name of the column which contains the predicted cluster id for the point.
      weightCol - The name of the column which contains the instance weight.
      Returns:
      A Map which associates each cluster id to a its statistics (i.e. the precomputed values N and $\Omega_{\Gamma}$).

    • computeSilhouetteCoefficient

      public static double computeSilhouetteCoefficient(Broadcast<scala.collection.immutable.Map<Object,scala.Tuple2<Vector,Object>>> broadcastedClustersMap, Vector normalizedFeatures, double clusterId, double weight)
      It computes the Silhouette coefficient for a point.

      Parameters:
      broadcastedClustersMap - A map of the precomputed values for each cluster.
      normalizedFeatures - The Vector representing the normalized features of the current point.
      clusterId - The id of the cluster the current point belongs to.
      weight - The instance weight of the current point.
      Returns:
      (undocumented)

    • computeSilhouetteScore

      public static double computeSilhouetteScore(Dataset<?> dataset, String predictionCol, String featuresCol, String weightCol)
      Compute the Silhouette score of the dataset using the cosine distance measure.

      Parameters:
      dataset - The input dataset (previously clustered) on which compute the Silhouette.
      predictionCol - The name of the column which contains the predicted cluster id for the point.
      featuresCol - The name of the column which contains the feature vector of the point.
      weightCol - The name of the column which contains the instance weight.
      Returns:
      The average of the Silhouette values of the clustered data.

    • pointSilhouetteCoefficient

      public static double pointSilhouetteCoefficient(scala.collection.immutable.Set<Object> clusterIds, double pointClusterId, double weightSum, double weight, scala.Function1<Object,Object> averageDistanceToCluster)

    • overallScore

      public static double overallScore(Dataset<Row> df, Column scoreColumn, Column weightColumn)